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We actuate with light & magnets, we fold & unfold DNA, we cell-free express proteins, we play with drops, marbles & interfaces, we organize particles, we harness coffee rings.

Artificial cell systems



Giant vesicles of controlled size and composition and their use as well-defined cell models

Artificial cell systems
Giant vesicles are spherical bags with a phospholipid bilayer membrane and a diameter ranging from 1 to 100 µm.

We develop methods to prepare giant vesicles of controlled size and composition.
1) Electroswelling of multilayer phospholipid patterns allows us to get monodisperse unilamellar giant vesicles
2) Spontaneous transfer of micro-droplets allows us to control their content
3) Microfluidics is used to control both size and content composition

We use giant vesicles as well-defined cell models.
1) We express soluble and membrane proteins inside vesicles, study the dynamics of their expression, gene expression variability, and the properties of thus functionalized vesicles (response to stimuli, permeability, protein/drug secretion, motion)
2) We study the membrane properties using photo-activable nanoprobes
3) We study the organization of cytoskeletton components encapsulated in giant vesicles


UV-induced bursting of giant vesicles. This video shows in real time the effect of UV light on giant unilamellar vesicles (40% DOPC, 40% DPPC, 20%Chol) in the presence of a photosensitive surfactant, AzoTAB.

Phospholipid patterning by capillary assembly Real-time, real-color movie of phospholipid deposition from a solutio (DOPC 0.16 mg/mL in trichloroethylene) dragged at a speed v = 10 µm/s on a microstructured silicon substrate (hole diameter 24 μm, hole depth 400 nm).

Key publications

UV-Induced Bursting of Cell-Sized Multi-Component Lipid Vesicles in a Photosensitive Surfactant Solution
A. Diguet, M. Yanagisawa, Y.-J. Liu, E. Brun, S. Abadie, S. Rudiuk and D. Baigl*, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012 - doi : 10.1021/ja211664f -
A 1s UV pulse induces bursting of giant lipid vesicles in a manner that depends on membrane lipid phase composition

Spontaneous transfer of phospholipid-coated Oil-in-Oil and Water-in-Oil micro-droplets through oil/water interface
A. Yamada, T. Yamanaka, T. Hamada, M. Hase, K. Yoshikawa, D. Baigl, Langmuir 2006, 22, 9824-9828 - doi : 10.1021/la062221+ -
Where we describe for the first time our so-called "spontaneous transfer" method to prepare giant liposomes from water-in-oil droplets without any additional force

Time-resolved tracking of a minimum gene expression system reconstituted in giant liposomes
H. Saito, Y. Kato, M. Le Berre, A. Yamada, T. Inoue, K. Yosikawa, D. Baigl, ChemBioChem 2009, 10, 1640-1643 - doi: 10.1002/cbic.200900205 -
Real-time follow-up of GFP synthesis in a large number of giant liposomes

Preparation of phospholipid multilayer patterns of controlled size and thickness by capillary assembly on a microstructured substrate
A. Diguet, M. Le Berre, Y. Chen, D. Baigl*, Small 2009, 5, 1661 - doi : 10.1002/smll.200900368 -
Generation of monodiserse liposomes by electroformation of phospholipid patterns of controlled size and thickness

Systems Biomimetism: Artificial Cells in a Living World, Living Cells in an Artificial World
D. Baigl, Proc. IEEE MHS 2009, 112-117 -
A review on our two approaches using well-defined artificial micro-environments: giant vesicles are used as cell models while microfluidics is used to craft well-defined micro-environments for livingcells

Photocontrol of Single-Chain DNA Conformation in Cell-Mimicking Micro-Compartments
M. Sollogoub, S. Guieu, M. Geoffroy, A. Yamada, A. Estévez-Torres, K. Yoshikawa, D. Baigl, ChemBioChem 2008, 9, 1201-1206 - doi : 10.1002/cbic.200800072 -

Electroformation of Giant Phospholipid Vesicles on a Silicon Substrate: Advantages of Controllable Surface Properties
M. Le Berre, A. Yamada, L. Reck, Y. Chen, D. Baigl, Langmuir 2008, 24, 2643-2649 - doi : 10.1021/la703391q -
The electroformation of a phosholipid film on a micro-structured electrode allows to control the size distribution of the resulting giant liposomes

Amphiphilic bipolar duplex a-cyclodextrin forming vesicles
D. Dong, D. Baigl, Y. Cui, P. Sinaÿ, M. Sollogoub, Y. Zhang, Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 2973-2977 - doi : 10.1016/j.tet.2007.01.065 -

Manipulation of cell-sized phospholipid-coated micro-droplets and their use as biochemical micro-reactors
M. Hase, A. Yamada, T. Hamada, D. Baigl, K. Yoshikawa, Langmuir 2007, 23, 348-352 - doi : 10.1021/la0618521 -